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（中国这十年·见微）从“海外购”到“海南购”：离岛免税以开放契合消费升级******
中新社海口10月13日电 题：从“海外购”到“海南购”：离岛免税以开放契合消费升级
中新社记者 王晓斌 王子谦
刚刚过去的国庆假期，今年反复受到疫情冲击的海南离岛免税市场呈现回暖势头，假期日均销售额超1.5亿元(人民币，下同)。三亚国际免税城逐渐恢复热闹景象，一些热门品牌的门店前重现游客排队现象。
海南离岛免税购物政策自2011年4月起实施。海南首家离岛免税店——中免三亚国际免税城(前身为三亚市内免税店)已营业11年，是目前中国免税市场品牌最多、最全的免税店，成为海南游必到的打卡景点。
“最开始我是被培训的‘小白’，现在很多年轻同事都是我带出来的。”海南三亚国际免税城香化区商品琳琅满目，销售主管林青正手把手带教新入职同事。
“当年抱着试试看的心态去应聘免税店售货员，正式上岗才知道是卖奢侈品。”林青在2009年入职时，免税店销售的是离境免税商品，“那时候接触最多的是国外顾客，国内顾客进店逛，但不能买。”
“2011年4月20日，海南离岛免税政策实施，我们一下子忙起来。”林青说，没想到会有那么多客人光顾，以至于店里人手没法马上补齐。
从那时起，海南免税市场开放度越来越高，规模迅速壮大。十多年间，离岛免税购物政策历经多次调整，免税限额从5000元到10万元，商品品类从18类增至45大类。2021年，海南离岛免税店年销售额突破600亿元。
“政策调整的方向是越来越开放。”林青说，这些年来每一个政策节点，每一次参与新店开业、新品牌入驻，她都记忆犹新，每一次开放都意味着更多样的营销策略。
林青所见证的不仅是免税市场变化，背后是中国开放度提升，经济发展带来消费升级。
林青注意到，最初很多顾客买中低端品牌或高端品牌的基础产品，现在越来越多顾客购买更高端品牌。消费人群也不只有中产阶层，很多“95后”“00后”普遍愿意为自己花钱。
2020年，海南自贸港建设大幕拉开，定位国际旅游消费中心。为推动中国消费者从“海外购物”转到“海南购物”，多层次免税购物体系加快构建，海南免税市场进入多主体竞争时代，共有5家经营主体开设10家免税店。
在海口市中心日月广场东区，海控全球精品免税城在国庆假期销售火热。这家2021年初开业的免税店举办假期促销主题活动，吸引了大批消费者。
海控全球消费精品(海南)贸易有限公司总裁林月文带领团队策划这些活动，他在市场竞争中思考如何做到“人无我有，人有我优”。
因看好海南离岛免税的发展前景，已有30年旅游零售和免税行业从业经验的新加坡人林月文于去年6月投身海南。
入职以来林月文忙着项目扩容、品牌入驻以及市场促销，新扩容的免税城二期引入数百个国际一线品牌，多个品牌在岛内免税市场独有。
林月文说，经过十多年发展，海南离岛免税市场正在从单纯追求销量，转变为销量与服务并重。从业者不仅要把市场蛋糕做大，还要带给消费者更好的购物体验。
“虽然疫情影响短期销售，但海南离岛免税市场还有巨大的增长空间。”林月文说，他正在筹备免税城三期重奢品牌店的招商工作，计划年内开业，“未来很长一段时间，我都将在海南奋斗”。(完)
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎） [责编：天天中] 阅读剩余全文（）  视觉焦点
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