资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
疫情发生后首次出访,习近平促中哈打造下一个“黄金30年”****** (近观中国)疫情发生后首次出访,习近平促中哈打造下一个“黄金30年” 中新社北京9月15日电 (记者 邢翀)“新冠肺炎疫情发生以来,这是我首次出访,我就选择了哈萨克斯坦,这彰显中哈关系的高水平和特殊性,体现了我们的深厚情谊。”在与哈萨克斯坦总统托卡耶夫会谈时,中国国家主席习近平如是说。 金秋时节,习近平开启中亚之行,哈萨克斯坦是他到访的首站,也是他作为国家主席第四次到访哈萨克斯坦。 尽管此访停留时间短暂,但在接受中新社记者采访的国际问题专家看来,访问内容丰富、成果丰硕,达成了一系列重要共识,表明双方坚定致力于开辟中哈关系下一个“黄金30年”,将指引中哈关系发展向更高水平迈进。 中哈友好牢不可破 会谈中,习近平用“牢不可破”形容中哈之间的友好关系。习近平表示,中国永远是哈萨克斯坦值得信赖、倚重的朋友和伙伴,中方愿同哈方做彼此发展振兴的坚强后盾。 托卡耶夫则说,哈方将继续坚定奉行一个中国政策,做任何情况下中国都可以依赖的好伙伴、好朋友。 在外界看来,此次访问让两国友谊进一步升温。今年以来,两国领导人频频互动。年初,习近平与托卡耶夫曾互致贺电庆祝两国建交30周年;2月,托卡耶夫还应邀来华出席北京冬奥会开幕式。 而此次习近平访哈,托卡耶夫也作出特别安排,邀请习近平共同参观“哈萨克斯坦—中国千年对话”艺术展。展览陈列了中哈两国艺术珍品,既是中哈千年灿烂文化互学互鉴的生动写照,更是两国人民世代友好往来的历史见证。 中哈友谊源远流长。从中国西汉张骞、唐代高僧玄奘、明代外交家陈诚等到访哈萨克斯坦,到如今途经哈萨克斯坦的中欧班列驰骋不息,都诠释着两国“山水相连、命运与共的好邻居、好朋友、好伙伴”的深厚情谊。 中国国际问题研究院欧亚研究所所长李自国表示,习近平此访延续了中哈友谊传统。尤其是习近平在新冠肺炎疫情发生后首次出访即选择哈萨克斯坦,又恰逢中哈建交30周年,这充分彰显中方对哈萨克斯坦的重视,显示出中哈高度互信以及中哈永久全面战略伙伴关系的高水平。 高质量共建“一带一路” 习近平曾于2013年、2015年、2017年三度到访哈萨克斯坦,每一次访问都具有里程碑式意义。 2013年9月,习近平访哈期间发表演讲,首次提出共建“丝绸之路经济带”倡议,第一时间得到哈萨克斯坦各界热烈响应。 2015年5月,习近平再访哈,仅仅间隔20个月,“一带一路”便从蓝图愿景映照出现实图景,此后中哈共建“一带一路”实施了一系列具有战略意义的合作项目。 2017年6月,在“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛成功举办后,习近平首次出访同样选择哈萨克斯坦,“暖心之旅”达成了一系列共识,为深化两国战略对接注入新的强劲动力。 习近平今年访哈期间,“一带一路”仍是外界关注的关键词。在与托卡耶夫会谈时,习近平强调,双方要高质量共建“一带一路”,扩大经贸、产能、互联互通、抗疫等领域合作,拓展大数据、人工智能、数字金融、跨境电商、绿色能源、绿色基建等创新合作。 而根据中哈发表的建交30周年联合声明,双方愿继续积极推动中方共建“一带一路”倡议同哈萨克斯坦“光明之路”新经济政策对接,为两国跨境货物和服务贸易提供强大助力,造福两国人民。 中国俄罗斯东欧中亚学会会长李永全指出,哈萨克斯坦是“一带一路”首倡之地,中哈在“一带一路”建设框架下合作有广泛共识,尤其表现为两国发展战略对接和哈特别关心的投资、物流、经贸、产能等领域合作,习近平此访对高质量共建“一带一路”提出了新希望,这将助力双方合作不断走深走实。 中哈关系新的起点 “我这次访问是中哈关系新的起点,相信在双方共同努力下,未来中哈关系将取得更大发展。”习近平在此访中说。 这次访问也被托卡耶夫称为“哈中关系发展史上的一个新的里程碑”,将为哈中永久全面战略伙伴关系发展注入新的内涵和动力。 建交30年来,两国关系不断取得新成果。从建交初期的中哈友好关系,到此后的睦邻友好合作关系,再到战略伙伴关系、全面战略伙伴关系,及至当前的永久全面战略伙伴关系,中哈关系基本上每十年上一个大台阶,实现了跨越式发展。 此访期间,双方明确,为中哈构建世代友好、高度互信、休戚与共的命运共同体目标和愿景而努力。愿秉持相互尊重、睦邻友好、同舟共济、互利共赢的精神,进一步加强双边对话,精心打造双边关系下一个“黄金30年”。 有观察家认为,在国际形势深刻变化、新冠肺炎疫情延宕反复的背景下,中哈合作行稳致远,成为共建“一带一路”以及地区合作的先行者,随着双方在上海合作组织等多边机制框架内合作进一步加强,在双方合作下一个“黄金30年”中,也必将为构建更加公正合理的全球治理体系作出“中哈贡献”。(完) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |